He has been editor of India's major financial newspapers and was Media Advisor to Prime Minister Manmohan Singh (2004-09). He was Director for Geo-economics and Strategy, International Institute of Strategic Studies, London (2011-16); and Secretary-General, Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce & Industry (2017-18). Baru was member of India’s National Security Advisory Board (1999-2001).
He was member of the Governing Board of the Centre for Policy Research and Visiting Professor, Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy, Singapore and Indian School of Public Policy, Delhi. He was professor of economics at University of Hyderabad and Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations. He was also member India-ASEAN Eminent Persons Group, 2010. He is an Independent Director on the board of Wockhardt Ltd.
His publications include The Strategic Consequences of India’s Economic Rise (2006); India and the World: Essays on Geo-economics and Foreign Policy( 2016); The Accidental Prime Minister: The Making and Unmaking of Manmohan Singh (2014); 1991: How PV Narasimha Rao Made History (2016); Powers Shifts and Trade Blocs (Editor, 2015); The Bombay Plan: A Blueprint for Economic Resurgence (Editor, 2018); Beyond Covid's Shadow: Mapping Indian Economy's Resurgence (Editor, 2020); India's Power Elite: Caste, Class and a Cultural Revolution, (Penguin Viking, 2021); The New Cold War: Henry Kissinger and the Rise of China, (HarperCollins, 2021); Journey of a Nation: 75 Years of the Economy (2022). He has recently edited a collection of essays titled The Importance of Shinzo Abe: Japan, India and the Indo-Pacific, with a Foreword by Foreign Minister S Jaishankar, (HarperCollins, 2023)